在同一圖層中尋找相鄰的多邊形

備註

If you are using QGIS3, there is a simpler and better way to do this analysis using the aggregate function. See my post Find Neighbor Polygons using Summary Aggregate Function in QGIS

有些時候，你會想要尋找與圖層中的某個多邊形相鄰的所有多邊形。只要弄一點 Python 程式碼，在 QGIS 中就能完成這件事情，甚至做得更多。這裡有一個範例程式，讓你可以尋找所有與指定的多邊形分享邊界的多邊形，並且把它們的名字加入屬性表格中。除此之外，此腳本也把所有鄰接多邊形的某個指定欄位進行加總運算。

內容說明

為了展示腳本如何運作，這邊我們使用全球的國界圖層，然後尋找共享國界的國家。我們也會計算與某個國家相鄰的全部國家的總人口數。

取得資料

我們要使用 Natural Earth 提供的 Admin 0 - 國界 資料集。

下載 Admin 0 - 國界（Countries）shapefile

資料來源 [NATURALEARTH]

取得腳本

下載 neighbors.py 腳本 然後儲存至硬碟中。

操作流程

  1. 選擇 圖層 ‣ 加入向量圖層，載入 ne_10m_admin_0_countries 圖層。

../_images/1170.png

  1. 此腳本使用 2 個欄位執行操作，分別是名稱與用來加總的欄位。使用 識別圖徵 工具點選任何圖徵檢察屬性，在本例中，會使用 NAME 欄位當作名稱，與 POP_EST 欄位當作人口估計值。

../_images/2139.png

  1. 選擇 附加元件 ‣ Python 主控台。

../_images/370.png

  1. 在 Python 主控台 視窗中，按下 顯示編輯器 的按鈕。

../_images/446.png

  1. 在 編輯器 面板中，按下 開啟檔案 鈕，找到剛才下載的 neighbors.py 腳本，按下 開啟。

../_images/543.png

  1. 腳本載入後，或許需要依照圖層屬性，編輯 _NAME_FIELD 和 _SUM_FIELD 的值，不過如果你也是載入 ne_10m_admin_0_countries 圖層的話，使用預設值即可。如果你有編輯過的話，請先按下 編輯器 面板中的 儲存 鈕。接下來，按下 執行腳本 鈕，程式就會開始執行。

../_images/641.png

  1. 當腳本執行完畢後，右鍵點選 ne_10m_admin_0_countries 圖層然後選擇 開啟屬性表格。

../_images/741.png

  1. 你會發現多了 2 個屬性，分別為 NEIGHBORS 和 SUM，這兩個屬性就是剛才的程式新增的。

../_images/840.png

以下放上完整的腳本供各位參考，你也可以依照個人需求編輯調整此檔案。

################################################################################
# Copyright 2014 Ujaval Gandhi
#
#This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
#modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
#as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
#of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
#This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
#but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
#GNU General Public License for more details.
#
#You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
#along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
#Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
#
################################################################################
from qgis.utils import iface
from PyQt4.QtCore import QVariant

# Replace the values below with values from your layer.
# For example, if your identifier field is called 'XYZ', then change the line
# below to _NAME_FIELD = 'XYZ'
_NAME_FIELD = 'NAME'
# Replace the value below with the field name that you want to sum up.
# For example, if the # field that you want to sum up is called 'VALUES', then
# change the line below to _SUM_FIELD = 'VALUES'
_SUM_FIELD = 'POP_EST'

# Names of the new fields to be added to the layer
_NEW_NEIGHBORS_FIELD = 'NEIGHBORS'
_NEW_SUM_FIELD = 'SUM'

layer = iface.activeLayer()

# Create 2 new fields in the layer that will hold the list of neighbors and sum
# of the chosen field.
layer.startEditing()
layer.dataProvider().addAttributes(
        [QgsField(_NEW_NEIGHBORS_FIELD, QVariant.String),
         QgsField(_NEW_SUM_FIELD, QVariant.Int)])
layer.updateFields()
# Create a dictionary of all features
feature_dict = {f.id(): f for f in layer.getFeatures()}

# Build a spatial index
index = QgsSpatialIndex()
for f in feature_dict.values():
    index.insertFeature(f)

# Loop through all features and find features that touch each feature
for f in feature_dict.values():
    print 'Working on %s' % f[_NAME_FIELD]
    geom = f.geometry()
    # Find all features that intersect the bounding box of the current feature.
    # We use spatial index to find the features intersecting the bounding box
    # of the current feature. This will narrow down the features that we need
    # to check neighboring features.
    intersecting_ids = index.intersects(geom.boundingBox())
    # Initalize neighbors list and sum
    neighbors = []
    neighbors_sum = 0
    for intersecting_id in intersecting_ids:
        # Look up the feature from the dictionary
        intersecting_f = feature_dict[intersecting_id]

        # For our purpose we consider a feature as 'neighbor' if it touches or
        # intersects a feature. We use the 'disjoint' predicate to satisfy
        # these conditions. So if a feature is not disjoint, it is a neighbor.
        if (f != intersecting_f and
            not intersecting_f.geometry().disjoint(geom)):
            neighbors.append(intersecting_f[_NAME_FIELD])
            neighbors_sum += intersecting_f[_SUM_FIELD]
    f[_NEW_NEIGHBORS_FIELD] = ','.join(neighbors)
    f[_NEW_SUM_FIELD] = neighbors_sum
    # Update the layer with new attribute values.
    layer.updateFeature(f)

layer.commitChanges()
print 'Processing complete.'
comments powered by Disqus